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Network Performance

I realize this post assumes more technical knowledge than many of my readers possess. In the pre-COVID-19 era, my grandson Chris and I held free consultation sessions at the Ferndale Public Library to help folks over technical hurdles. We’re working with the Whatcom County Library System to resume these sessions online. I’m in several COVID-19 hyper-vulnerable categories and do not plan to resume in-person sessions until the viral landscape changes significantly, but Chris and I miss our library sessions and hope to get something going online soon.

An image in a Zoom meeting pixilates into a messy checkerboard of colored squares. Or the screen freezes. Or a voice sounds like a chef is chopping it up and throwing it on a sizzling griddle.

These, and a hundred variations, are network performance issues, which, from an engineering standpoint, can be reduced, but never eliminated.

You may find it hard to believe, but these visual and audio burps demonstrate the computer network’s reliability. The web we experience today is an engineering miracle that has transformed a ramshackle collection of unreliable and inconsistently implemented subnetworks into a reliable global service. Unlike a traditional phone connection, which is essentially an unbroken wire from one user to another that either succeeds or breaks, computer network connections steer their own path like a car on a cross-country drive taking detours and switching highways, slowing down and speeding up as conditions change, but never stopping. Instead of failing, the network recovers and corrects itself with these gyrations.

Great. Wonderful. But we all want the broken images and garbled sound to go away.

Here are some fixes. Most are not expensive. 

Network speed check

Start with a speed check. There are many free speed checkers available. Google “free network speed check” and take your pick. Follow the simple instructions (press GO.) In half a minute or so, you’ll get a download and upload rate in MBPS (MegaBytes Per Second). You may also get a Ping time in milliseconds, (ms), but it’s the upload and download rates you want. Most aggravating problems are with downloads. An upload of a large file like a video that takes five minutes is not nearly as painful as a garbled movie image or a messed-up Zoom meeting, which are almost always due to slow downloads.

Note, however, a full-on home office may need fast uploads. Businesses pay extra for fast uploads. If you find yourself losing valuable time waiting for files to upload, a business network connection will cost, but it should solve the problem. Premium residential service probably won’t help.

We have comparatively good network service from Comcast here in Ferndale. That’s because the Comcast infrastructure here is fairly new and reliable. Other areas may differ. At the moment at our house, downloads are about 400 MBPS, upload 20 MBPS. This is good for residential service. Disregard theoretical 1000 MBPS promises. Theory is wonderful, but practice is what you get for your money.

Your internet service provider

If you have speeds substantially below ours, call your internet service provider. (Comcast, Frontier, etc.) Something may be wrong that they can easily fix with a reset or reconfiguration. At worst, they will try to sell you premium service. Ask for a free upgrade. You might get one. For internet service providers, losing a customer is often a greater loss than a free upgrade. Internet service providers often comp and discount freely to avoid completely losing your monthly payment. When 5G cellular comes online your negotiating position is likely to get even stronger.

Secrets

Now, I’ll let you in on a few secrets. Your real performance may depend more on your home network than your internet service provider. If you have a typical broadband connection, you have a modem and router attached to a television or telephone cable coming into your house. The modem separates the computer network signal from the incoming signals and converts it to the Ethernet signal used by your computing devices. The router distributes Ethernet signals to your devices. Almost all residential routers emit radio waves (Wi-Fi) that link the router to your computers, but they also have sockets (typically four) that you can use for cabled connections. These days, modems and routers are usually combined into a single device.

Modem-routers

If your modem-router is old, you might need a new one. In the computer world, newer means faster. If your modem- router is more than five years old, a replacement will almost certainly improve your performance. I use 18 months as a rule of thumb for replacement. If you got your modem-router from your internet service provider, ask for a free upgrade. They want you as a customer.

Wisdom is that you can get a better deal by purchasing your own modem-router, but the internet service providers prefer to support their own equipment and they will fight you on it. You have a legal right to use your own equipment, but, in my experience, the providers are more likely to offer a free modem-router than cease trying to charge you for using your own.

Upgrading the software on your modem-router may help performance and some serious security issues with home modem-routers have been corrected recently with software upgrades. If you can, it’s safer to opt-in on automatic upgrades.

Ethernet cables vs. Wi-Fi

When it’s possible, I use an Ethernet cable rather than a wireless connection to devices. On our home network, a cabled Ethernet connection is ten times faster than a Wi-Fi connection. Cables are their own form of torture, but they perform better.

Our house, which is only two years old, was wired with CAT6 ethernet cables but not set up to use them. When we moved in, my grandson Christopher and I worked on our inhouse cabling. Now, we can plug into wired Ethernet anywhere in the house we want. There are lots of YouTube tutorials on Ethernet home wiring if you have the DIY bent. A few special tools are almost a necessity for DIY, but you can also have the wiring done for you. If the wires are already in the walls, a pro can finish the job in a few hours. Typically, you can add an Ethernet socket to all your television cable outlets.

If you want more connections than the usual four on the router, get an unmanaged Ethernet switch, which will branch a single socket to multiple sockets. Avoid “hubs.” They also multiplex Ethernet connections and are sometimes cheap, but they are old and slow technology. Managed switches are for network engineers, not residences.

In my office I have an unmanaged five-port switch I bought from Amazon for a little over ten dollars. Connected to a single Ethernet wall socket, the switch yields four fast network connections.

If your house is not wired for Ethernet and you don’t want to spend much, you can buy premade Ethernet cables to run on the floor like extension cords from your modem-router. Shop around for cables. Prices vary. Avoid trip hazards, be neat, and don’t use cables that are longer than needed. If you coil the excess, strange interference patterns can cause erratic performance. Use switches to provide more fast remote connections than the four on the router.

Wi-Fi

Typically, you still need Wi-Fi for tablets and phones, although I sometimes use a USB-Ethernet cable adapter with my Surface tablets.

There are some tricks you can try with wireless when you have performance issues. The cheapest and easiest is to move around. Wi-Fi signals pass through most walls, but metal objects, like a water heater or other appliances can slow a signal down. High current appliances like starting air conditioners or furnaces also affect radio signals, which can explain fluctuating performance. Try to locate your modem-router centrally and close to the areas where network performance matters most.

If a Wi-Fi signal is unreliable in the perfect spot for your home office, don’t despair. Current standard Wi-Fi uses two channels: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The 5 GHz channel is faster, but it does not penetrate walls well and it has a shorter range than the older 2.4 GHz channel. Routers today default to 5 GHz and reserve 2.4 GHz channel for old devices that can’t access the 5 GHz channel. If your perfect spot is in a remote corner, you may get better performance if you configure your router to use the 2.4 GHz channel for the device you use in your perfect spot even if it will work on 5 GHz.

If your home network covers a large area, you may want to look into a “mesh” system that emits Wi-Fi signals from more than one source. These are a more effective version of the Wi-Fi repeaters that were touted as range extenders a few years ago.

Tri-band routers have two 5 GHz channels and one 2.4 GHz channel. The router distributes 5 GHz devices over the two fast channels. Decreased congestion on the fast channels improves performance. If your biggest problem is distance, go with a mesh. If you have a ton of contending devices, get a tri-band.

Don’t just shrug your shoulders when you have network performance issues. You have a good chance of improving your experience.

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Living with Screens During Lockdown

In the covid-19 pandemic, everyone has entered my world of working from home, online meetings, and spending most of both night and day in in front of a screen. In my career as a software architect, I worked regularly with online teams spread over every continent but Antarctica. The last decade of my career, I worked from our old farmhouse on Waschke Road most of the time. Since I’ve retired, I spend as much time writing in my home office as I did when I was gainfully employed.

I have some advice on how to be comfortable and even enjoy the online screen life. Mind you I am not a physician, ophthalmologist, or physical therapist, only an opinionated coder, but you might find some of my suggestions useful.

First, let me say that everyone is different. The saying is that “your mileage may vary” and I have found that my mileage usually varies widely. For me, when it comes to wellbeing, it works better to experiment than to find an expert’s rule and stick with it. So, this is my first suggestion: try different strategies; pay close attention to how you feel, both physically and mentally. Go with whatever makes you feel the best, but try reasonable strategies as they occur to you. Also be aware that change is constant. What worked well yesterday may not be optimal today. A tiny pain can turn into a screaming wildcat in a short time.

The most important consideration for me is my eyes. I think there is a good reason for this. We live in a three-dimensional world and our eyes are designed (or evolved, if you will) to move constantly, continually refocusing on objects at different distances, and adjusting to different colors and intensities of light. Screens are flat and most of the time they are at a fixed distance from our eyes. The intensity and color of the screen stays the roughly the same. Our bodies are simply not made for this fixed environment. We have to compensate.

I have found that if I take care of my eyes when I am online, the rest of my body tends to take care of itself. That doesn’t mean that I intentionally ignore the recommendations of the ergonomic experts, but I find that when I take care of my eyes properly, the rest of the ergonomic rules fall in place and I can quickly adapt to changing circumstances, like a new piece of furniture or moving to a different room without looking at charts and getting out a tape measure.

Now for some bullet points:

  • Frequently look away from the screen and into the distance. It helps to be near a window with some action outside. There are apps available that remind you to look away every few minutes, but I personally can’t abide those bonking timers. The antics of the crows, seagulls, and assorted avians outside my window works much better for me. I also like a room with some visual interest—like shelves of familiar books and other memorabilia (clutter).
  • I avoid using a laptop for any length of time. Put your laptop on a stand (or a stack of books) and get an external keyboard.
  • Position your screen so that you are looking at the upper third of the display with your neck in an unstrained position and at a proper distance. That’s about two feet for most people. I have three pairs of glasses. One pair for screen distance, one pair for reading, which is closer for me than screen distance, and a pair of lineless bifocals. For me, the bifocals are a disaster for serious reading or screen work. The area of lens that is the right focus is too small and forces me into contortions. But they are great for normal life.
  • Invest in the highest resolution monitor you can afford. I find hi-res much more important than size. I like using a twenty-two-inch display and I’ve thought about getting an even larger one, but forced to choose between resolution and size, I feel better after a long day with a hi-res screen.
  • Position lighting carefully. I find having my desk perpendicular to a north facing window with the window on the left to be perfect. If I were left-handed, I’d want it to the right, so my dominant hand does not cast shadows when I am writing by hand. I seldom print anything, but I like to draft and plan on paper. Facing a window is not bad, but it places the screen in a shadow, which is not ideal. A window behind me is a disaster because glare on the screen is straining and forces body contortions.
  • Avoid too much blue in your screens. On Windows 10, you can change the color balance in the “night light” settings and turn on the night light all the time. But remember to turn it off when you are shopping online, or you’ll be surprised at colors when they arrive.
  • Give yourself opportunities to move. I use three different computers and switch between them. One on a normal desk, another set up for standing, and a third on a lap board in an easy chair. In the course of the day, I use all three. I use Dropbox to keep my working files in sync so I can switch from one computer to another without messing around with copying files or thumb drives.
  • An adjustable office chair with good lumbar support helps. You can spend thousands of dollars on a luxurious ergo chair, but I like one I bought at Ikea. I prefer chairs without arms.
  • As far as I am concerned, the best keyboards were made by IBM in the 1980s. My favorite keyboard is over thirty years old and still the best.

This covers the most important stuff. I still put in long days in my home office, but I have fewer aches and pains today than I had ten years ago.

However, I repeat: your mileage will vary.