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My Failed Background Check

A couple months ago, I noticed an online request for volunteer mentors at my old high school. Since I am retired and recently moved to within a few blocks of the school, I followed a whim and volunteered.

Me at FHS 1966

Although I didn’t appreciate FHS at the time, Ferndale’s teachers in the late 1960s were good: I think of Miss Wynne in mathematics, Don Buzzard, chemistry and physics, and Roy Bentley, English. All taught well, even challenged an obnoxious know-it-all like me. When we graduated, both my cousin Dave and I received scholarships from the University of Chicago, an institution that is regularly ranked as one of the top ten universities in the world. I was given an “Honors At Entrance” certificate and placed into honors math and chemistry classes with students from high caliber places like the Bronx High School of Science, went on to graduate with honors, and received a fellowship for graduate study.

This reflects well on FHS, but not that well on me. Unlike most of my peers on the South Side of Chicago, no stellar career followed my distinguished UChicago education. In fact, I had to completely reboot my life after stumbling through graduate school. But fifty years later, I thought it was time to repay an old debt by listening to a kid or two at FHS.

Volunteering at the high school is not what it used to be. When Ferndale had a three-digit population, a few calls, a few people to vouch for you, and the school had a clear idea of who you were and if you could be trusted with kids. Now, you have to go through a background check with the state patrol. That’s sensible. People move around now. Communities work differently. People are not the easily measured quantities they once were.

To get a background check, you have to be finger printed. As best I can remember, the only time my prints were taken prior to volunteering, was at the 1959 Scout-O-Rama at Battersby Field in Bellingham. I brought home a card with a thumb print and an inky thumb. With that history, I expected to pass with flying colors.

I failed. My finger prints were unacceptable.

On the first try, my finger print quality scores were low and I googled not having finger prints. Between one and two percent of people fingerprinted fail to produce readable prints. Apparently, thirty years of pounding computer keyboards wore the ridges on my fingers into illegible smears. The decade I spent as a carpenter dipping my hands into caustic wet cement must not have helped. The experts advise lots of hand lotion for weeks prior to printing to “plump the ridges.” I bought a bottle of the cheapest hand lotion I could find at Winco and spread it on when I thought of it, afterwards peering at my finger prints under a strong light and magnifying glass, hoping to see ridges rise like tectonic fault lines. Hah.

My finger prints were taken at the Ferndale Police Station. When I went back for a second try, two experts worked me over. They don’t use ink pads any more, now it’s a computerized scanner. They ordered me to rub on Corn Huskers Lotion, then clean my finger tips with some special wipes, and the polished the screen on the scanner. Then they went to work, taking turns rolling my fingers and thumbs. The computer gave my prints low grades, even on the second try.

I went home feeling pessimistic. I might still be able to purchase an assault rifle at a gun show, but I couldn’t volunteer at the high school. If a tin can had been lying on the sidewalk, I would have kicked it home.

I passed. My finger prints were clear enough and the speeding ticket on a winter morning in 1991 passing through Mount Vernon when I was afraid I would be late for work in my office in Bellevue did not disqualify me from volunteering.

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Potatoes

As a Whatcom County potato royal, assuming agnatic primogeniture, I was naturally interested in a recent feature in Science on worldwide potato production. Potatoes have become more important for the last decade, especially in India and China.

My father and grandfather raised potatoes for sale directly to grocery stores. Now, only seed potatoes are grown commercially in Whatcom County. Raising seed potatoes is more exacting than raising potatoes for food. Heroic efforts are required to ensure that the seed runs true to type. For example, seed potatoes must be rotated with other crops to ensure that strains don’t intermingle. Sustaining an acre of seed potatoes requires control of several acres of land that can be rotated through other crops like hay and corn.

In the 1960s, world food production soared in what was called the Green Revolution, much different than today’s Green New Deal. The Green Revolution was the result of newly developed strains of cereal grains, mostly wheat and rice, with higher yields, shorter growing seasons, and greater disease resistance. Coupled with modern fertilizers, pest and herbicides, and mechanized farming, world food supplies in increased rapidly and health improved. The current rise in prosperity in India and China is partially due to the Green Revolution which preceded the current computer technology revolution.

Potatoes did not play a large role in the Green Revolution due to a peculiarity in the genetic mechanism of potatoes, which is different from most species. Compare potatoes to humans. Except for sperm and egg cells, each human cell has two sets of identical chromosomes. Sex is all about recombining chromosomes from a sperm and egg into a new double set. Sometimes children inherit the best traits from each of their parents. But they can also inherit the worst of each. Most of the time the combination is a mix of good and bad. In the long scheme of things, this continual mixing produces a variety of offspring that are able to thrive in a wide variety of challenging environments.

Potatoes are different. They can have as many as six copies of each chromosome. When potatoes pollenate and produce seeds (potato sex), the potential variation is huge because there are so many moving parts that can be fitted together in so many ways. More variation means more chances for beneficial varieties. But the combinations are random. Some are good, some are bad.

In the long term, bad combinations that fail to thrive, die and disappear. But in the short term, you have failing plants. Farmers don’t want to waste time and effort growing failures. This is why potatoes are not grown from seed: the farmers never know what they will get from a potato seed. Therefore, potatoes are propagated from pieces of the potato tuber (the part you eat) instead of seed. Without the tingle of sex, the resulting plants are identical to their parents. After all, no one grows spuds for the excitement.

But propagation by cuttings has problems. Seeds are miracles of packaging. Kept dry, a sack of seeds (like wheat or rice kernels) is good for several years without special handling. Add warmth, water, and nutrients, and plants spring up. A single pound of wheat seeds can yield twelve thousand wheat plants. A pound of seed potatoes will yield around ten potato plants. Not only do you need more pounds of seed potatoes than pounds wheat seed for a crop, seed potatoes have to be kept from freezing and they can’t be kept over very easily for a second season.

In addition, developing new strains of potatoes is more difficult than creating new strains of cereal crops. Potato variations may be plentiful but getting a promising potato to breed true is often difficult and time consuming.

If they are so much trouble, why bother with potatoes as a food crop? The answer is simple: my grandpa could get more potatoes with less effort from his land than he could wheat or oats. And he could sell potatoes directly to grocery stores instead of selling it a milling company that would take their share of the profits from the finished product. That meant more profit for him.

My grandpa only raised wheat and oats for his cattle. He could feed them grain directly or take it to the feed mill in Ferndale to have it ground to make it more palatable and nutritious for the cattle , but he never sold grain to a middle man.

Potatoes are good human food directly from the ground. Although potatoes have less protein than wheat, potato protein is more usable for humans. A person eating only potatoes will live longer and be healthier than a person eating only wheat bread. We all know that a diet from a variety of sources is best, but not everyone in the world can make the choices that are effortless for most Americans.

Oddly, the Irish potato famine, which caused the 19th century wave of Irish immigration to the US, was the result of a disastrous combination of potato characteristics: potatoes grew easily in Ireland and the population increased on a sustaining diet consisting mostly of potatoes. Unfortunately, all the potatoes in Ireland were genetically identical due to propagation by cuttings. When a disease, the blight, hit, the entire potato harvest was affected for several consecutive years and the people starved.

Today, post Green Revolution techniques have made potatoes an important new crop. Propagating potatoes by seed has become feasible, and other techniques have developed new varieties that are more productive and support two potato crops per year in some climates. My grandpa’s crop is becoming more important for world nutrition for the same reasons he became potato king: a high yield and a healthy product that is palatable without further processing.

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Libraries and Optimism

Last week I attended the Washington Library Association’s conference in Yakima. It reminded me how important libraries are, especially today. When I look at the way people are split today, I am deeply grateful that I live in he 21st century and not in the 19th or even the 20th century.

I know many people wish they were back in the “good old days,” but don’t look to this reader of old books for support.

In the 19th century, in the United States, we fought the bloodiest war in our history over slavery. Opinions were so strong that brother killed brother and mothers killed sons and daughters over opinions that were comparable to our divisions today over issues like race, gender, immigration. In my opinion, if people travelled and moved from state to state as little now as they did in 1850, if communications were as slow and expensive today as they were in 1860, we would be on the verge of another shooting civil war.

But we are not.

In the 20th century, we fought two devastating world wars. Today, we have a trade war, we have cyberwar, treaties are being revoked, and nations are contemplating building their arsenals in ways we have not heard of for fifty years. There was an assassination in Turkey a short time ago that is as diplomatically catastrophic as the assassination that started World War I, but I do not fear another shooting and bombing war world war.

Nations are now mutually dependent. The isolation of war will devastate the globe faster than the explosions and bullets of 20th century wars. I noticed this morning that Caterpillar has put out a decreased earnings notice to the stock analysts due to the increased price of steel. A sign that the trade war is has set its own back burn.

The fire of war will begin to snuff itself out before the weapons discharge.

Why am I so optimistic? Well, I recently read a book recommended by one of the smartest people on this planet, Bill Gates. The book by Hans Rosling is called Factfulness. Rosling is a Swedish public health official and researcher. He has dispensed medical aid on the ground in some of the neediest and most dangerous places on the globe and he has rigorously sifted through world health and social statistics. He concludes that humans are undergoing a breathtaking transformation in which global hunger, disease, poverty, ignorance, and lawlessness are rapidly declining. The human race is safer, better fed, and healthier than ever before and trending toward improvement, not decline. These are trends that no single nation can change.

But Rosling’s observations are not the only reason I am optimistic. The world we live in today is much different than the milieu that made life perilous in the past. I find myself a more tolerant and better person than I was fifty years ago. I see better people around me. We are all better.

The library conference filled me with hope. I heard over and over that race is behind us, the folks at the conference, to a person, thought that fear and discrimination by race was irrelevant, stupid. I heard over and over that the old patriarchalism that placed males on a pedestal was just passé. Gender, sex, the weird old ways of structuring society are stupid, boring, a waste of everyone’s time.

Libraries and librarians are on the leading edge of a new society, and a very fine edge it is. I am so glad to have a part in the new way.